02James Hornell, ‘Indonesian influence on East African culture’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain (London: 1934), p. 325.
03J. Innes Miller, The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire 29 bc–ad 641 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 60–1.
04Paul Wheatley, The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before ad 1500 (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1961), p. 179.
05Miller, The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, pp. 12–16.
06Strabo, The Geography, Book XVII, trans. H.C. Hamilton and W. Falconer (London: George Bell & Sons, 1903 and zhaiyuedu.com), ch. 1.
07Miller, The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, pp. 119–52.
08Raoul McLaughlin, The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean: The Ancient World Economy and the Kingdoms of Africa, Arabia and India (Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books, 2014), p. 19.
09Valerie Hansen, The Silk Road: A New History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 6–7.
10Miller, The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire, p. 65.
11Kanakalatha Mukund, Merchants of Tamilakam: Pioneers of International Trade (New Delhi: Allen Lane, 2012), pp. 14–34.
12McLaughlin, The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean, p. 93.
13Ibid., p. 151.
14Ibid., p. 126.
15Periplus quoted ibid.
16Virgil quoted ibid., p. 108.
17Ibid., p. 106.
18Ibid., p. 96.
19Ibid., p. 109.
20Vimala Begley, ‘Arikamedu reconsidered’, American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 87, no. 4 (1983).
21William J. Bernstein, A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2008), p. 40.
22Lionel Casson (trans. and ed.), The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), pp. 1–39.
23Ibid.
24Ibid.
25Ibid.
26Ibid.
27Wheatley, The Golden Khersonese, p. 141.
28Georges Coedès, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, trans. Susan Cowing, ed. Walter Vella (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1968), ch. II–VI.
第四章早期帝国的幢幢鬼影
01Kenneth R. Hall, Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985), p. 48.
02Han Shu, quoted in Wang Gungwu, ‘The Nanhai trade: a study of the early history of Chinese trade in the South China Sea’, Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 31, part 2, no. 182 (1959), pp. 19–20.
03Hall, Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia, pp. 48–62.
04Ibid., p. 64.
05Liang Shu, quoted in Paul Wheatley, The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before ad 1500 (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1961), p. 16.
06Ibid.
07Quoted in O.W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce: A Study of the Origins of Srivijaya (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967), p. 41.
08Ibid., p. 60.
09Ibid., p. 176.
10Ibid., p. 169.
11Ibid., p. 53.
12Marianne Vedeler, Silk for the Vikings (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014), chs 1–2.
13S. Frederick Starr, Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia’s Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013), p. 43.
14John Keay, The Spice Route (London: John Murray, 2005), p. 79.
15Quoted in Pierre-Yves Manguin, ‘The Southeast Asian ship: an historical approach’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 11, no. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), pp. 266–76.
第五章文化来自印度，商品来自中国
01Kanakalatha Mukund, Merchants of Tamilakam: Pioneers of International Trade (New Delhi: Allen Lane, 2012), p. 53.
02Fa Xian, A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, trans. James Legge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1886; New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal reprint, 1998), pp. 111–15.
03Ibid., pp. 116–7.
04Quoted in Paul Michel Munoz, Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula (Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2006), p. 106.
05Ibid., p. 204.
06Quoted in O.W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce: A Study of the Origins of Srivijaya (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967), p. 221.
